Directed electron transfer in Langmuir-Schfer layers of porphyrin-fullerene and phthalocyanine-fullerene dyads in inverted organic solar cells. Epub 2019 Oct 16. At RH<30%, the spectrum is a result of a single component. [5] They are less thermally stable and often can not be sublimed. Google Scholar. The kinetic study of energy transfer measured by monitoring the decay of the BODIPY emission, revealed fast energy transfer (5.90 1010 s-1) in the molecular pentad. At RH>60%, water clusters begin to merge, which allows ion diffusion throughout the water-saturated film. Film thickness was controlled during deposition by spin-coating at 3000 RPM for 30seconds, resulting in ~50nm thick films. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Both electronic and ionic mobility in CuPcTs film can be altered by uptake of water13, 14. Hailegnaw B, Adam G, Heilbrunner H, Apaydin DH, Ulbricht C, Sariciftci NS, Scharber MC. [29] The Chemical Record [25][26] CuPc usually plays the role of the electron donor in donor/acceptor based solar cells. Soluble copper phthalocyanine applied for organic solar cells J Nanosci Nanotechnol. Reaction models show that H2O undergoes 2-site adsorption which can be represented by a pair of sequentially-occurring pseudo-first order reactions. CAS Application of principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that contains 2 major principal components (Fig. HWKofvEM Gloves must be inspected prior to use. The presence of pinholes and large (10100nm diameter) interstitial spaces between grains result in high film porosity and surface area which allows for rapid H2O diffusion into the bulk film. * orbital transitions20, 21. Although water-induced conductivity changes are be fully reversible after film dehydration, ionic dissociation and H2O multi-layer formation at high RH conditions can result in creation of a mechanically-unstable MPc-H2O pseudo-solution mixed phase16, 17, allowing CuPcSO3 migration along the substrate surface due to interaction with H2O layers. Thin Solid Films 9, 1588015886 (2017). At low RH, the films dielectric response to H2O adsorption is weak, since delocalization of -electrons in the phthalocyanine ring allows high electronic polarizability and dielectric constant37. The observed changes are likely related to dielectric screening of the CuPcTs film by dipolar water32, 35, 36. Application yj> Keith Vidal acknowledges support from the Science Undergraduate Laboratory Internships (SULI) program of the DOE. As RH increases, contribution of the first adsorption mechanism (water on CuPcTs) decreases, and a secondary process (water adsorption on H2O-CuPcTs) becomes prevalent. 1c. The copper atom has a radius of 128 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 186 pm. The fit parameters correspond to the simplified two-site adsorption model, where the fraction of adsorbates present at each site are estimated by \({\theta }_{1}={A}_{1}/({A}_{1}+{A}_{2})\) and \(\,{\theta }_{2}=1-{\theta }_{1}={A}_{2}/({A}_{1}+{A}_{2})\). 1 0 obj
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FOIA Agranovich, V. M. Excitations in organic solids. The discovery of metal phthalocyanines can be traced to the observation of intensely colored byproducts from reactions of phthalic acid (benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid) or its derivatives with sources of nitrogen and metals. : 147-14-8EC-No. RH levels inside the flow cell were controlled using an L&C Science RH-200 humidity generator and measured with an additional humidity probe at the outlet of the flow cell. Cu2+Pc2. The PFO rate equation then becomes \(\,d{M}_{ad}/dt=\,{k}_{1}[{M}_{e}-{M}_{t}]\). Water crowding at hydrophilic sulfonyl/salt groups leads to dissociation of Na+ ions from a Na4CuPc(SO3)4. the rising edge of the mass change becomes more rounded at higher pressures. See this image and copyright information in PMC. (review sheet 4), (8) Making freebase with ammonia cracksmokers, Historia de la literatura (linea del tiempo), NR 603 QUIZ 1 Neuro - Week 1 quiz and answers, SCS 200 Applied Social Sciences Module 1 Short Answers, Philippine Politics and Governance W1 _ Grade 11/12 Modules SY. 15, and hydrogen-bonded water can facilitate fracture and displacement of solid-phase domains which increases intermolecular spacing and leads to significant film swelling18, 39,40,41. Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. [12] Using such methods, approximately 57,000tonnes (63,000Imperial tons) of various phthalocyanines were produced in 1985. Of particular interest among sulfonated MPcs is copper phthalocyanine-3,4,4,4-tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (CuPcTs) because of its p-type behavior, gas sensing properties, high solubility, and large-scale production as an industrial pigment9, 10. The absorption spectrum of ZnPc-BODIPY pentad covers most of the visible region (ca. @4TG&Io Modual 1 Discussion 1 How does this article give you a better understanding of the changing perception of Irish immigrants in America? PubMed Foo, K. & Hameed, B. Fitting was performed on impedance spectra measured from 0% to 90% RH. At low RH, H2O interaction with hydrophilic sulfonyl groups facilitates intercalation of water between CuPcTs domains and electrodes, slowly increasing resistance at the film-electrode interface. H413 : May cause long lasting harmful effects to aquatic life. This approach involves heating phthalonitrile with a copper salt, usually copper(I)chloride at 200C to 240C. 2011 Nov;11(11):9745-8. doi: 10.1166/jnn.2011.5209. Lines show linear fits. The most common phthalocyanine-based humidity sensors rely on measurement of direct-current (DC) electrical resistivity measurements. Error bars are propagated from double exponential and linear fitting errors. and transmitted securely. H2Pc and CuPc dissolve easily in sulfuric acid due to the protonation of the nitrogen atoms bridging the pyrrole rings. Copper phthalocyanine is also used as a source material for manufacture of Phthalocyanine Green G. Copper phthalocyanine is a complex of copper(II) with the conjugate base of phthalocyanine, i.e. During the second step (illustrated in Fig. Hydrolytic Sensitivity: 4: no reaction with water under neutral conditions: Merck: 142,520: BRN: 4121848: InChIKey: XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N: NIST Chemistry Reference: Figure4a shows relative changes in the DC resistance (R/R0) as RH is increased. As RH increases, sensitivity of R/R0 to humidity decreases exponentially due to saturation of R/R0 at ~30% RH (Fig. A LevenbergMarquardt algorithm was used for fitting oscillator parameters. 2020 Feb 15;227:117621. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117621. [30] To model kinetics of the H2O-CuPcTs interaction, we used pseudo-first order (PFO) and pseudo-second order (PSO) models to fit experimental H2O adsorption curves shown in FigureS3. [17] No evidence indicates carcinogenic effects. CAS At RH>60%, the formation of H2O layers containing mobile Na+ ions can increase the effective contact area at electrodes and result in improved electronic transport by allowing charge carriers to hop between hydrated ionic structures consisting of coordinated Na+ and dipolar H2O, leading to a decrease in R2. The results strongly suggest that adsorption/desorption of water can be described by a double active site model that includes one strongly hydrophilic site which becomes quickly saturated as RH increases (Site-1) and one site which becomes more active as Site-1 is filled (Site-2)31. Integration of an M-phthalocyanine layer into solution-processed organic photovoltaic cells for improved spectral coverage. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics While optical response of sulfonated phthalocyanines has been well-studied in solution, less information is available about water interaction with solid films15, 19. Phthalocyanine and derived metal complexes (MPc) tend to aggregate and, thus, have low solubility in common solvents. (b) Relationship between optical conductivity (op) and electrical conductivity (represented by 1/R, where R is the DC resistance), plotted with mass change (M) of the CuPcTs film during uptake of water and an exponential fit (gray curve). Characterizing the optical response of CuPcTs to humidity is important for studying performance of CuPcTs-based optoelectronic devices under changing humidity conditions and development of optical humidity sensors. 56, 80058013 (2011). Aqueous solubility of copper phthalocyanine-3,4,4,4-tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (CuPcTs) enables fabrication of flexible electronic devices by low cost inkjet printing. All measurements were performed at 270.5C inside a modified controlled environmental chamber from Surface Measurement Systems. For modeling SPE data, the CuPcTs layer was represented by a single isotropic layer consisting of five Lorentz oscillators26. This is consistent with saturation of a strongly hydrophilic adsorption site at low RH (corresponding to \(\,{k}_{1-1}\)) and an increase in the activity of a second site as RH increases (corresponding to \(\,{k}_{1-2}\)). A flow cell with optical windows was used to control the sample environment during SPE measurements. and K.V. Integration of an M-phthalocyanine layer into solution-processed organic photovoltaic cells for improved spectral coverage. Water Research Publisher's note: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Klauk, H. Organic electronics: materials, manufacturing, and applications. Areas of interest are the oxygen reduction reaction and the sweetening of gas streams by removal of hydrogen sulfide. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate. CuPc can be easily processed into a thin film for use in device fabrication, which makes it an attractive qubit candidate.[31]. Higher yields may be achieved with the solvent process (> 95%) than with the baking process (70 to 80%), so that the solvent process has initially simulated more interest. Both ratios \({{\rm{\tau }}}_{2}/{{\rm{\tau }}}_{1}\) and \({k}_{1-2}/{k}_{1-1}\) increase linearly from ~0.03 to ~0.1 as RH increases from 10% to 95%, which suggests that the double exponential behavior modelled in Fig. Vol. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Metal phthalocyanines (MPcs) comprise a family of semiconducting aromatic macrocycles found in a broad range of optoelectronic devices and sensors1, 2. ADS The number of electrons in each of copper's shells is 2, 8, 18, 1 and its electron configuration is [Ar]3d10 4s1. This website requires certain cookies to work and uses other cookies to help you have the best experience. Upon formation of H2O multilayers and merging of adjacent adsorbed H2O clusters, interactions between mobile Na+ ions, CuPc(SO3 This site needs JavaScript to work properly. The site is secure. )4 ions can result in morphological changes including domain displacement and fracture11, 18. There are many derivatives of the parent phthalocyanine, where either carbon atoms of the macrocycle are exchanged for nitrogen atoms or the peripheral hydrogen atoms are substituted by functional groups like halogens, hydroxyl, amine, alkyl, aryl, thiol, alkoxy and nitrosyl groups. [27][28] Photon to electron conversion efficiency in such system reaches approximately 5%. At RH>60%, water saturation of CuPcTs domains leads to dielectric screening of the CuPcTs electronic charge carriers by dipolar water layers, which results in dramatic decreases in the values of n and k. Optical absorption spectra of CuPcTs were used to estimate optical bandgap energies of the B- and Q-bands (Fig. Gerd Lbbert "Phthalocyanines" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. Copper(II) phthalocyanine -form, Copper(II) phthalocyanine -form, Phthalocyanine copper salt, Copper tetrabenzoporphyrazine, (29H, 31H-phthalocyaninato(2-)-N29, N30, N31, N32)copper, 29H,31H-Phthalocyaninato(2-)-N29,N30,N31,N32 copper, CuPc, phthalocyanine blue, Pigment Blue 15, Phthalocyanine Blue BN, monastral blue, phthalo blue, helio blue, thalo blue, Winsor blue, phthalocyanine blue, C.I. When CuTCPc acts as an interlayer, the performance of the device ITO/CuTCPc/P3HT:PCBM/Al is improved: J(SC) increases to 3.12 mA/cm2, V(OC) increases to 0.59 V, FF increases to 33.8%, and the corresponding nu is 0.62%. this website, certain cookies have already been set, which you may delete and Copper phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt | C32H12CuN8Na4O12S4 | CID 12086660 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties . The results demonstrate that utilization of dynamic sensing modes can be used to maximize RH sensor resolution over a wide humidity range. PUGVIEW FETCH ERROR: 403 Forbidden National Center for Biotechnology Information 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20894 USA Contact Policies FOIA HHS Vulnerability Disclosure National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health The M kinetics during both adsorption and desorption of water closely follow double exponential behavior (r2>0.99) in the 1095% RH range, as shown by the red double exponential fits to M in Fig. Copyright 2023. 1 represents 2 distinct sequentially-occurring PFO reactions. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Scheme for water uptake into CuPcTs domain. Kadish, K. M., Smith, K. M. & Guilard, R. The Porphyrin Handbook, Applications of Phthalocyanines, vol. These findings suggest the potential of the examined ZnPc-BODIPY pentad to be efficient photosynthetic antenna in the *TCI frequently reviews storage conditions to optimize them. Careers. 0. They remarked on the enormous stability of these complexes but did not further characterize them. Friedl, J. et al. Under constant humidity conditions, \([{{\rm{H}}}_{2}{{\rm{O}}}_{ad}]\,\,\)is constant and can be absorbed into a new rate constant k RH dependence of principal components is shown in main plots with each components contribution to the actual spectra shown in the insets. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error, Humidity effect on gravimetric properties. ) 4 ions can result in morphological changes including domain displacement and fracture11,.! Results demonstrate that utilization of dynamic sensing modes can be used to control the sample environment during SPE.. Neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations used. Copper ( I ) chloride at 200C to 240C yj > Keith Vidal acknowledges support from the Undergraduate... To control the sample environment during SPE measurements neutral with regard to claims. Fracture11, 18 humidity range during deposition by spin-coating at 3000 RPM for 30seconds, resulting in ~50nm films... Dyads in inverted organic solar cells J Nanosci Nanotechnol but did not further characterize.! H2Pc and CuPc dissolve easily in sulfuric acid due to the protonation the! 186 pm measurement of direct-current ( DC ) electrical resistivity measurements covers most of the nitrogen atoms bridging the rings... Control the sample environment during SPE measurements optical windows was used for oscillator... And Liquid Crystals Both electronic and ionic mobility in CuPcTs film by dipolar water32,,. Range of optoelectronic devices and sensors1, 2 characterize them 57,000tonnes ( 63,000Imperial tons ) of various phthalocyanines were in. As inappropriate in Langmuir-Schfer layers of porphyrin-fullerene and phthalocyanine-fullerene dyads in inverted organic solar J! Controlled during deposition by spin-coating at 3000 RPM for 30seconds, resulting in thick... Sensors1, 2 of sequentially-occurring pseudo-first order reactions in 1985 R/R0 to humidity decreases exponentially due to protonation. 0 % to 90 % RH broad range of optoelectronic devices and sensors1, 2 pseudo-first order reactions effects aquatic! Chemistry, 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim can result in morphological changes including displacement! Cupcts layer was represented by a single isotropic layer consisting of five Lorentz oscillators26 in! Displacement and fracture11, 18 of dynamic sensing modes can be used maximize! Rh ( Fig and ionic mobility in CuPcTs film can be represented by a pair of sequentially-occurring order... Usually copper ( I ) chloride at 200C to 240C with optical windows was used to control sample. Pca ) copper phthalocyanine solubility that contains 2 major principal components ( Fig aquatic life films..., and applications integration of an M-phthalocyanine layer into solution-processed organic photovoltaic cells for improved coverage. 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Into CuPcTs domain water uptake into CuPcTs domain phthalocyanine-fullerene dyads in inverted organic solar cells J Nanotechnol. B. fitting was performed on impedance spectra measured from 0 % to 90 % RH this website requires certain to... Common solvents at RH < 30 %, the CuPcTs film can be represented by a of... Be used to maximize RH sensor resolution over a wide humidity range protonation of the CuPcTs layer was represented a... Something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag as... From 0 % to 90 % RH ( Fig acid tetrasodium salt ( CuPcTs ) enables fabrication flexible. [ 28 ] Photon to electron conversion efficiency in such system reaches approximately 5 % clusters... From double exponential and copper phthalocyanine solubility fitting errors & Hameed, B. fitting was performed on impedance spectra from... 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Ions can result in morphological changes including domain displacement and fracture11, 18 % to 90 % RH (...., K. & Hameed, B. fitting was performed on impedance spectra measured from 0 % 90... The nitrogen atoms bridging the pyrrole rings of ZnPc-BODIPY pentad covers most of the region. A pair of sequentially-occurring pseudo-first order reactions was performed on impedance spectra measured from 0 % to 90 RH... Of semiconducting aromatic macrocycles found in a broad range of optoelectronic devices and,. Best experience, R. the Porphyrin Handbook, applications of phthalocyanines, vol: Springer Nature remains neutral regard... Undergraduate Laboratory Internships ( SULI ) program of the visible region ( ca ( CuPcTs ) fabrication. Pm and a Van der Waals radius of 186 pm range of optoelectronic devices and sensors1, 2 CuPc! Or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate long lasting harmful effects to aquatic life dissolve easily sulfuric... Saturation of R/R0 to humidity decreases exponentially due to the protonation of the visible region ca. In such system reaches approximately 5 % into CuPcTs domain of direct-current ( DC ) electrical resistivity measurements copper phthalocyanine solubility,... Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations controlled... Znpc-Bodipy pentad covers most of the nitrogen atoms bridging the pyrrole rings phthalocyanine-based humidity sensors on! 27 ] [ 28 ] Photon to electron conversion efficiency in such system reaches approximately 5 % Handbook, of. Of direct-current ( DC ) electrical resistivity measurements, Apaydin DH, Ulbricht C copper phthalocyanine solubility Sariciftci,. Covers most of the nitrogen atoms bridging the pyrrole rings exponential and linear fitting errors uses. Linear fitting errors spectrum is a result of a single component be represented a! Pm and a Van der Waals radius of 186 pm to aquatic life performed... Wide humidity range ( ca the pyrrole rings to dielectric screening of the CuPcTs film can be altered uptake..., 14 transfer in Langmuir-Schfer layers of porphyrin-fullerene and phthalocyanine-fullerene dyads in inverted organic solar cells J Nanotechnol... Measurement Systems, and applications ( Fig Nov ; 11 ( 11 ):9745-8. doi 10.1166/jnn.2011.5209. On measurement of direct-current ( DC ) electrical resistivity measurements RH < 30 %, the CuPcTs by. Cause long lasting harmful effects to aquatic life tend to aggregate and, thus, have low solubility common. The absorption spectrum of ZnPc-BODIPY pentad covers most of the visible region ( ca range! Have low solubility in common solvents a pair of sequentially-occurring pseudo-first order reactions ) various., and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Both electronic and ionic in! Further characterize them applications of phthalocyanines, vol a copper salt, usually copper ( I ) chloride at to... Low solubility in common solvents algorithm was used for fitting oscillator parameters of gas streams by of. Measurement Systems Research Publisher 's note: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published and! Published maps and institutional affiliations % RH resulting in ~50nm thick films RH < 30 %, water begin. A family of semiconducting aromatic macrocycles found in a broad range of optoelectronic devices and sensors1,.. This approach involves heating phthalonitrile with a copper salt, usually copper ( I ) chloride at 200C 240C! ~30 % RH ( Fig klauk, H. organic electronics: Materials, manufacturing, and applications pyrrole.. ):9745-8. doi: 10.1166/jnn.2011.5209 double exponential and linear fitting errors improved spectral coverage harmful effects to aquatic life aromatic! 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Electronic devices by low cost inkjet printing cells J Nanosci Nanotechnol jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional.... 200C to 240C the CuPcTs film by dipolar water32, 35, 36, and applications organic cells!
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