The commission's recommendations were ignored, however, as the House Ways and Means Committee, dominated by protectionists, provided a 10% reduction. [117] Realizing this, they adjusted their approach to claim that Democrats would lower the country's protective tariff, which would allow cheaper manufactured goods to be imported from Europe, and thereby put thousands out of work. Arthur owned at least 80 pairs of pants. Arthur was born October 5, 1829, in Vermont and died November 18, 1886, in New York. [104] They were successful, but narrowly, as Cornell was nominated for governor by a vote of 234216. An Ohio native, Grant graduated from West Point and fought in the Mexican-American War (1846-1848). The following material is what I have learned in American Government for only but one year, I have still learned more than what I already knew at the beginning of my high school career. [41] When Arthur was admitted to the New York bar in 1854, he joined Culver's firm, which was subsequently renamed Culver, Parker, and Arthur. [179] Democrats turned against the "New Navy" projects and, when they won control of the 48th Congress, refused to appropriate funds for seven more steel warships. [49], In 1861, Arthur was appointed to the military staff of Governor Edwin D. Morgan as engineer-in-chief. Chester Arthur was selected as his running mate. Rutherford Birchard Hayes (October 4, 1822 - January 17, 1893) The presidents from Reconstruction to the turn of the century were less than mediocre. Elected vice president on the Republican ticket of 1880, Arthur acceded to the presidency upon the assassination of . I feel like its a lifeline. Arthur was president from 1881-1885, and his presidency was mostly unremarkable, except for a few major events. Chester A. Arthur The 21st President of the United States Presidents George Washington John Adams Thomas Jefferson James Madison James Monroe John Quincy Adams Andrew Jackson Martin Van Buren. Grover Cleveland is inaugurated as the twenty-second President of the United States. [96], Arthur's job was spared only until July 1878, when Hayes took advantage of a Congressional recess to fire him and Cornell, replacing them with the recess appointment of Merritt and Silas W. He served four terms in Congress but left in 1843 to mount an unsuccessful run for the governorship of New read more. During the American Civil War (1861-1865), he was quartermaster for the state of New York, responsible for organizing food and supplies for Union soldiers. Upon the murder of James Garfield in 1881, Arthur became the twenty-first president of the United States. [205][q] The next morning, Arthur suffered a cerebral hemorrhage and never regained consciousness. By the 1880s, this system had grown incredibly corrupt, and many were pressing for reform. [67] The opposing Democratic machine in New York City, known as Tammany Hall, worked for Grant's opponent, former New York Governor Horatio Seymour; while Grant was victorious in the national vote, Seymour narrowly carried the state of New York. [144] Navy Secretary William H. Hunt was next to resign, in April 1882, and Arthur attempted a more balanced approach by appointing Half-Breed William E. Chandler to the post, on Blaine's recommendation. [218] At the dedication, Secretary of War Elihu Root described Arthur as, "wise in statesmanship and firm and effective in administration," while acknowledging that Arthur was isolated in office and unloved by his own party. Having become friendly with Murphy over their shared love of horses during summer vacations on the Jersey Shore, in July of that year, Grant appointed him to the Collector's position. [153] The commission issued its first rules in May 1883; by 1884, half of all postal officials and three-quarters of the Customs Service jobs were to be awarded by merit. [64] He continued his law practice (now a solo practice after Gardiner's death) and his role in politics, becoming a member of the prestigious Century Club in 1867. There, his health continued to deteriorate, and on November 18, 1886, he died at age 57 at his home. [85] Hayes's opponent, New York Governor Samuel J. Tilden, carried New York and won the popular vote nationwide, but after the resolution of several months of disputes over twenty electoral votes (from Florida, Louisiana, Oregon, and South Carolina), Hayes was declared the winner. Arthur receives Korean ambassadors in New York. France presents the United States with the Statue of Liberty at a ceremony held in Paris. [40] In 1853, after studying at State and National Law School in Ballston Spa, New York, and then saving enough money to relocate, Arthur moved to New York City to read law at the office of Erastus D. Culver, an abolitionist lawyer and family friend. Diseases And Disabilities. [153] That year, Arthur expressed satisfaction with the new system, praising its effectiveness "in securing competent and faithful public servants and in protecting the appointing officers of the Government from the pressure of personal importunity and from the labor of examining the claims and pretensions of rival candidates for public employment. They collected large amounts of money that came from taxes. Arthur was unable to convince Congress to adopt the idea during his administration but, in 1887, the Dawes Act changed the law to favor such a system. [78] He got along with his subordinates and, since Murphy had already filled the staff with Conkling's adherents, he had few occasions to fire anyone. [49] The office was a patronage appointment of minor importance until the outbreak of the Civil War in April 1861, when New York and the other northern states were faced with raising and equipping armies of a size never before seen in American history. [163] Frelinghuysen also discontinued Blaine's peace efforts in the War of the Pacific, fearing that the United States might be drawn into the conflict. [99] Conkling opposed the confirmation of Merritt and Burt when the Senate reconvened in February 1879, but Merritt was approved by a vote of 3125, as was Burt by 3119, giving Hayes his most significant civil service reform victory. [39] Coincidentally, future president James A. Garfield taught penmanship at the same school three years later, but the two did not cross paths during their teaching careers. [187] Garfield had believed polygamy was criminal behavior and was morally detrimental to family values, and Arthur's views were, for once, in line with his predecessor's. [20] He was a member of the Psi Upsilon fraternity,[38] and as a senior he was president of the debate society and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa. The case helped lead to the desegregation of public transportation in New York City. [14] They married in Dunham on April 12, 1821, soon after meeting. While in office, Arthur rose above partisanship and in 1883 signed the Pendleton Act, which required government jobs to be distributed based on merit. Chester A. Arthur, former machine politician, became a reformer in the Presidency. [65] His ascent in the party hierarchy kept him busy most nights, and his wife resented his continual absence from the family home on party business. In the White House, Arthur became known for his sartorial style and taste for fine furnishings. [160] Republicans considered the law a success at the time, but later concluded that it contributed to their loss of seats in the elections of 1882. (He suffered from Bright's disease, a then-fatal kidney ailment.) Let's look at each of these in a bit more detail. Arthur was a member of the Republican Party and worked as a lawyer before becoming the twentieth vice president under James Garfield. A sharp dressed man 9. The concept of a cigar-store Indian installed in the White House was finally a reassurance to the frightened American people. [42], When Arthur joined the firm, Culver and New York attorney John Jay (the grandson of the Founding Father John Jay) were pursuing a habeas corpus action against Jonathan Lemmon, a Virginia slaveholder who was passing through New York with his eight slaves. Chester Alan Arthur was an American attorney and politician who served as the 21st President of the United States (1881-85); he succeeded James A. Garfield upon the latter's assassination. Sometime around 1882, Arthur learned he was suffering from Brights disease, a serious kidney ailment. Create your account. Chester A. Arthur For seven years, Arthur served as the collector of the port of New York. Nine men are indicted for defrauding the government in a postal scam, an episode that becomes known as the Star-Route Scandal; the trial begins on June 1. [57] The couple took their son's death hard, and when they had another son, Chester Alan Jr., in 1864, they lavished attention on him. These restraints distinguished him sharply from the stereotype politician. He was a member of the ultra exclusive Restigouche Salmon Club. [1] Arthur's status in the administration diminished when, a month before inauguration day, he gave a speech before reporters suggesting the election in Indiana, a swing state, had been won by Republicans through illegal machinations. Blaine was defeated by Democrat Grover Cleveland (1837-1908) in the general election. Arthur, in turn, gave government jobs to Conklings supporters, who contributed part of their salaries to the Republican Party. In 1859, Arthur married Ellen Nell Lewis Herndon (1837-1880), the Virginia-born daughter of a U.S. naval officer. [218] The statue was dedicated in 1899 and unveiled by Arthur's sister, Mary Arthur McElroy. After leaving office in 1885, Arthur returned to New York City and rejoined his law practice Arthur, Knevals & Ransom. Chester A. Arthur accomplishments Upon the death of President James A. Garfield in September, 1881, Chester A. Arthur was sworn in as the 21 st POTUS. He achieved prominence as a politician and as president of the United States. He remained at the job until 1870 at a salary of $10,000 a year. According to a purported eyewitness account by journalist William C. Hudson, Conkling and Arthur argued, with Arthur telling Conkling, "The office of the Vice-President is a greater honor than I ever dreamed of attaining. More About Chester A. Arthur. Chester Alan Arthur was born in the village of Fairfield, Vermont, on October 5, 1829. Arthur was born in Vermont in 1829 and was the son of a Baptist preacher. The family finally settled in the Schenectady, New York area. A chronology of key events in the life of Chester Alan Arthur (1829-1886), twenty-first president of the Unites States. He was elected as James Garfield's vice president in the presidential election of 1880, but when Garfield was assassinated, Arthur was left with no choice but to take his spot in the Oval Office. [67] Arthur began to devote more of his time to politics and less to law, and in 1869 he became counsel to the New York City Tax Commission, appointed when Republicans controlled the state legislature. Ten fun facts about Chester A. Arthur. Although Garfield initially survived the shooting, he battled infections and died two months later, at age 49, on September 19. [85] Sherman ordered a commission led by John Jay to investigate the New York Custom House. (5) $55.11. [198] Arthur telegraphed his congratulations to Blaine and accepted his defeat with equanimity. [179] Even without the additional ships, the state of the Navy improved when, after several construction delays, the last of the new ships entered service in 1889. [156] After conference with the Senate, the bill that emerged only reduced tariffs by an average of 1.47%. On graduation, he went on to study law. [202] Senator George Edmunds was Arthur's next choice, but he declined to be considered. Major Events During Chester A. Arthur's Presidency, James Monroe During the Revolutionary War, Ulysses S. Grant: Early Life, Education & Facts, President Ulysses S. Grant's Foreign Policy, Ulysses S. Grant: West Point & the Mexican-American War, The Cabinet of President Ulysses S. Grant, President Andrew Johnson: Biography, Accomplishments & Quotes, President Andrew Johnson's Domestic Policy, President Andrew Johnson: Early Life & Education, President James Madison: Domestic & Foreign Policy, President James Garfield: Facts & Biography, Who Was Millard Fillmore? [58] They also had a daughter, Ellen, in 1871. In January 1883, he signed the Pendleton Civil Service Act, landmark legislation mandating that certain federal government jobs be distributed based on merit rather than political connections. [54] When Reuben Fenton won the 1864 election for governor, Arthur requested reappointment; Fenton and Arthur were from different factions of the Republican Party, and Fenton had already committed to appointing another candidate, so Arthur did not return to military service. Arthur vetoed the first version of the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act, arguing that its twenty-year ban on Chinese immigrants to the United States violated the Burlingame Treaty, but he signed a second version, which included a ten-year ban. By U.S. News Staff. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. Create an account to start this course today. Chester Alan Arthur (October 5, 1829 - November 18, 1886) was an American politician who served as the twenty-first President of the United States.Arthur was a member of the Republican Party and worked as a lawyer before becoming the 20th vice president under James Garfield.While Garfield was mortally wounded by Charles Guiteau on July 2, 1881, he did not die until September 19, at which . Critics have long contended that Twain's Puddin' Head Wilson is based on Arthur's reforming of the Civil Service. When he became an attorney, he had his law practice in New York City. "[5] Mark Twain wrote of him, "It would be hard indeed to better President Arthur's administration. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. Prior to the Brooklyn Bridge opening celebration, President Arthur's health had been deteriorating. This lesson will examine the major events of Chester A. Arthur's presidency. They wanted some sort of reforms. [44] In another civil rights case in 1854, Arthur was the lead attorney representing Elizabeth Jennings Graham after she was denied a seat on a streetcar because she was black. Additionally, the Pendleton Act allowed for the establishment of a bipartisan Civil Service Commission to enforce the law. President Chester Arthur Timeline Important Dates, World and National Events During His Lifetime: 1829: Born in Fairfield, Vermont in October 5th: 1848: Graduated from Union College: 1859: Married Ellen Lewis Herndon: 1860: Son William is born : 1864: Son Chester is born : 1871: Daughter Ellen is born : 1871: Named Collector of the Port of New . Arthur requested standardized time 6. Kaschig, Merit. Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia, Physician keeps Presidents disease secret, Proclamation against settlement in Oklahoma, Notice of Non-Discrimination and Equal Opportunity. In addition to civil service reform, Arthur triedwith limited successto lower tariffs. Chester Alan Arthur was born October 5, 1830, in Fairfield, Vermont. He died in 1883. [97][i] Hayes again offered Arthur the position of consul general in Paris as a face-saving consolation; Arthur again declined, as Hayes knew he probably would. [218], Arthur's unpopularity in life carried over into his assessment by historians and his reputation after leaving office disappeared. He presided over the rebirth of the US Navy, but he was criticized for failing to alleviate the federal budget surplus which had been accumulating since the end of the Civil War. Chester Alan Arthur (1829-1886) 1829, Oct. 5 Born, Fairfield, Vermont, to William Arthur (1796-1875) and Malvina Stone Arthur (1802-1869). Congress passes the so-called Mongrel Tariff Act, a complex tariff revision that reduces rates on various items by less than 2 percent; Arthur had lobbied Congress for a 20 to 25 percent cut on all items. [90] Notwithstanding his cooperation, the Jay Commission issued a second report critical of Arthur and other Custom House employees, and subsequent reports urging a complete reorganization. His father, William Arthur, had immigrated to America from northern Ireland when he was 18 and had become a Baptist minister. The Conkling machine was solidly behind General Ulysses S. Grant's candidacy for president, and Arthur raised funds for Grant's election in 1868. [117], With the war fifteen years in the past and Union generals at the head of both tickets, the tactic was less effective than the Republicans hoped. [72] The Collector was responsible for hiring hundreds of workers to collect the tariffs due at the United States' busiest port. As president from 1881 to 1885, Arthur advocated for civil service reform. [145] But Arthur's Attorney General, Brewster, did in fact continue the investigations begun by MacVeagh, and hired notable Democratic lawyers William W. Ker and Richard T. Merrick to strengthen the prosecution team and forestall the skeptics. When the Brooklyn Bridge opened, it was the longest suspension bridge in the world and one of the most revolutionary structures of the era. [182] Arthur agreed, and directed the federal patronage in Virginia through the Readjusters rather than the Republicans. [110] Levi P. Morton, the first choice of Garfield's supporters, consulted with Conkling, who advised him to decline, which he did. In addition, contemporary newspaper articles, including the 1871 stories about his appointment as Collector of the Port of New York, all indicate that he was born in Vermont, though some incorrectly give his birthplace as. It was said he had over eighty pairs of pants and often changed them several times a day. Chester A. Arthur was born on October 5, 1829 in Fairfield, Vermont, and was one of the ten children of William Arthur and Malvina Stone. Arthur is sworn in as President of the United States. The bridge was an engineering marvel, utilizing numerous construction techniques that had never before been attempted on such a massive scale. 238 lessons. In the general election, Garfield and Arthur defeated Democratic nominee Winfield Hancock (1824-1886) and his running mate William English (1822-1896), and were sworn into office on March 4, 1881. He died the following day, on November 18, at the age of 57. Andrew Jackson: Accomplishments & Historical Significance, The Presidential Policies of Andrew Jackson. biography Chester Alan Arthur was born in the village of Fairfield, Vt., Oct. 5, 1829. Two months before the end of his term, several New York Stalwarts approached him to request that he run for United States Senate, but he declined, preferring to return to his old law practice at Arthur, Knevals & Ransom. President Chester Arthur represented the Republican . President Ulysses S. Grant appointed him to the post of Collector of the Port of New York in 1871, and he was an important supporter of Conkling and the Stalwart faction of the Republican Party. [44] At that time, the state was the scene of a brutal struggle between pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces, and Arthur lined up firmly with the latter. They preferred the government spend more on internal improvements and reduce excise taxes. [169][170] The Chinese Exclusion Act attempted to stop all Chinese immigration into the United States for ten years, with exceptions for diplomats, teachers, students, merchants, and travelers. "[91] Arthur and his subordinates, Naval Officer Alonzo B. Cornell and Surveyor George H. Sharpe, refused to obey the president's order; Sherman encouraged Arthur to resign, offering him appointment by Hayes to the consulship in Paris in exchange, but Arthur refused. The son of an Irish-born Baptist minister who had immigrated to the U.S., Chester Arthur was born in Fairfield, Vermont, in 1829. Political opponent of the President and former secretary of state James G. Blaine defeats Arthur for the nomination; John A. Logan is selected as vice president. [86], Hayes entered office with a pledge to reform the patronage system; in 1877, he and Treasury Secretary John Sherman made Conkling's machine the primary target. [205] On November 22, a private funeral was held at the Church of the Heavenly Rest in New York City, attended by President Cleveland and ex-President Hayes, among other notables. The verdict in the Star-Route trial is rendered. The assassin's bullet that wounded President James Garfield in July had claimed his life the day before. Chester, or Chet, as he was known, attended Union College in Schenectady, New York. The act will be renewed regularly into the twentieth century. During his childhood, he moved seven times. Arthur issues a proclamation recommending the observance of the 100th anniversary of General George Washington returning his commission as commander-in-chief to the Continental Congress. As president, Chester A. Arthur achieved four major things: Arthur also presided over a massive renovation of the White House that cost nearly $2 million in today's dollars! [197] He kept up a token effort, believing that to drop out would cast doubt on his actions in office and raise questions about his health, but by the time the convention began in June, his defeat was assured. Case helped lead to the presidency Alan Arthur was born in the of. Advocated for civil service commission to enforce the law ( 1837-1908 ) in the White House finally... Fought in the life of chester A. Arthur 's next choice, but he declined be. Prior to the Continental Congress to study law machine politician, became a in. That had never before been attempted on such a massive scale 1829 and was the son a! 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